解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Infections in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) occur in an area of impaired host defenses; therefore, bactericidal antibiotics that reach adequate concentrations in the CSF are necessary for treatment. Measurements of antibiotic penetration into the CSF include CSF inhibitory and bactericidal titers, the absolute antibio...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ketorolac tromethamine is a highly potent member of a class of compounds having both analgesic and antiinflammatory activity. In animal pain models using underlying inflammation, ketorolac markedly inhibited the pain response and increased the pain threshold; it did not exhibit any narcotic or central nervous system d...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a 10-year (1979-1988) follow-up study of young insulin-dependent diabetics carried out at Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, the frequency of hospitalization for hypoglycemia remained constant. During the early years only animal insulins were available; during the latter years, human insulins were used in a m...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Information on amphotericin B use patterns and infusion-related adverse events were prospectively collected from 397 hospitalized adults. The methods of initiating amphotericin B varied greatly, with the majority of patients being gradually titrated to a full maintenance dose over 1-5 days. Overall, 71% of patients ex...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,评审
doi:
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Conditions in which antidepressants have been used include diabetic neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, headaches, arthritis, chronic back pain, cancer, thalamic pain, facial pain, and phantom limb pain. Although much of the available information is derived from inadequately controlled trials, it seems that antidepres...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The traditional role of theophylline as a bronchodilator has been expanded by recent findings that suggest this drug has more than smooth muscle relaxant properties. Several investigators indicate that theophylline has an inotropic effect on respiratory muscle, causing enhanced muscular contraction and prevention of m...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacokinetics of methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPHS) and methylprednisolone (MP) were determined in six patients undergoing open heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Plasma concentrations of both compounds were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography after doses of MPHS of 1.7-2.4 g. The...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is well recognized that drug absorption from the gastrointestinal tract is influenced by gastric and intestinal motility, surface area available for absorption, and physicochemical properties of the drug. Disease and surgery have been shown to alter these factors. Consequently, drug absorption can be altered as wel...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1989.tb04140.x
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We cared for a 4-year-old patient who had undergone orthotopic liver transplantation and was placed on a ventilator for respiratory distress associated with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. The neuromuscular blocking agent pancuronium bromide 1.0-1.2 mg every hour as needed was used to facilitate artificial ventilation...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1989.tb04121.x
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new transdermal drug-delivery system that administers the synthetic opioid fentanyl through intact skin was evaluated for 24 hours postoperatively in eight patients who had undergone orthopedic surgery. Plasma samples were obtained over a 72-hour period for pharmacokinetic analysis in five patients. The patients wer...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1989.tb04096.x
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is a synthetic fibrinolytic protein which activates plasminogen or converts plasminogen to plasmin specifically in the presence of fibrin. With its "clot-selectivity", t-PA is capable of lysing clots without having a significant effect on circulating plasminogen. In cont...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1987.tb04035.x
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intravenous immunoglobulins are biologic substances and differ in many respects from chemical pharmaceuticals. To produce a safe and efficacious preparation, special points must be considered. Careful screening procedures and excluding high-risk donor populations reduce the risk of transmitting viral disease from the ...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1987.tb03512.x
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Calcium channel blockers, nitrates, and beta blockers are the primary agents used for the treatment of angina. Calcium has a central role in excitation-contraction, action potential generation, and ischemic cell death. The three currently available calcium antagonists are nifedipine, verapamil, and diltiazem. Second-g...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1987.tb04052.x
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Advances in the care of critically ill patients and in diagnostic techniques, such as fiberoptic endoscopy, have enabled greater recognition of stress-related mucosal damage (SRMD). This condition is distinguished from chronic peptic ulcer disease by its greater number of lesions, proximal location in the acid-produci...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1987.tb03532.x
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The renal pharmacologic effects of intravenous dopamine in doses of 0.5-3.0 micrograms/kg/min include increases in renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, solute excretion, and urine flow. Clinical studies revealed that low-dose dopamine can reverse oliguria, but these studies were poorly controlled, were confou...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1986.tb03492.x
更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Meclofenamate sodium was compared, double-blind, with codeine and placebo for the treatment of acute episiotomy pain. One hundred sixty-eight women with moderate or severe episiotomy pain after normal delivery were assigned randomly to one of four treatment groups: one received meclofenamate sodium 200 mg at dose 1 an...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1986.tb03478.x
更新日期:1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methotrexate, a folic acid antagonist, is being employed more frequently in an attempt to control rheumatoid arthritis that has not responded adequately to conventional therapies. Systemic administration of 7.5-15 mg weekly in a pulse fashion appears to be effective without precipitating serious adverse effects. Conce...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1986.tb03472.x
更新日期:1986-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients who experienced pain after surgery were administered a single dose of 1 of 3 treatments: acetaminophen 1000 mg, codeine phosphate 60 mg, or a combination of these. Patients rated their pain intensity on ordinal and visual analog scales just prior to medication and at intervals thereafter for up to 5 hours. Th...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1986.tb03462.x
更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Buspirone is the first of a new class of anxioselective agents, the azaspirodecanediones. It achieves peak serum concentrations within one hour and has a serum half-life of 2 to 5 hours. Animal studies have suggested antianxiety activity and the absence of abuse potential. Buspirone is both a dopamine agonist and anta...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1984.tb03385.x
更新日期:1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 200 patients with moderate to moderately severe anxiety we compared the anxiolytic efficacy and safety of alprazolam and lorazepam. Dosing was flexible and ranged from 1 to 4.5 mg/day of alprazolam and from 2 to 9 mg/day of lorazepam. The mean daily dose at the end of the...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1984.tb03327.x
更新日期:1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In an open-label study of alprazolam in five bipolar-I depressed patients, three patients remitted completely, one failed to respond, and one responded transiently, based on the Hamilton Rating Scale and Beck Depression Inventory scores. Further studies of alprazolam as an antidepressant are warranted. ...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1984.tb03311.x
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Struvite calculi result from urinary tract infections secondary to urease-producing bacteria. To prevent recurrent infection and stone formation complete removal of struvite calculi is recommended. Two illustrative reports of patients with renal struvite calculi are presented in which 10% hemiacidrin (Renacidin) irrig...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1983.tb03300.x
更新日期:1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Currently available anesthetic induction agents provide adequate hypnosis but are not ideal, particularly in the high risk patient (ASA class III-V), because most cause myocardial and/or respiratory depression and some have other important side effects. Etomidate was recently marketed as an intravenous anesthetic indu...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1983.tb03266.x
更新日期:1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Substantial error occurs when individual saliva theophylline concentrations are used to predict serum theophylline concentrations. However, the use of saliva theophylline concentrations to determine product bioavailability has never been evaluated. Subjects in this study were 18 stable patients (20-51 yr) with a histo...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1983.tb03263.x
更新日期:1983-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have developed a method for measuring the efficacy of a single dose of an analgesic for 12 hours after administration to outpatients with postoperative oral surgery pain. Using a self-rating record, patients evaluate their pain and its relief for 12 hours after medication. We have used this method successfully in a...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/phar.1983.3.2p2.23
更新日期:1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In comprehensive clinical studies, diflunisal--a new nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug with a long duration of action--was shown to be highly effective and generally well tolerated in the short- and long-term treatment of the pain of osteoarthritis. In double-blind comparison studies, diflunisal was comparable in eff...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Verapamil hydrochloride, a prototype calcium antagonist, is now marketed in the United States for the acute treatment of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias and for chronic management of vasospastic and chronic stable angina. It inhibits the slow inward channel in in the heart and blocks calcium influx in smooth muscle....
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1982.tb03210.x
更新日期:1982-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development of an intravenous form of nitroglycerin has further enhanced the role of nitrates in the therapy of cardiovascular disorders. This new preparation permits prompt initiation of therapy and rapid attainment of high systemic levels; because of its short half-life, rapid dose titration is both feasible and...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1982.tb03197.x
更新日期:1982-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prostaglandins have been shown to relax the smooth muscle of the ductus arteriosus in the fetus in utero. This physiologic action has been applied to the management of newborn infants with certain types of congenital malformations. Infants with lesions producing right ventricular outflow obstruction have a compromised...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1982.tb04522.x
更新日期:1982-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diazepam is frequently the subject of review by various agencies and institutions charged with determining whether or not to substitute another, more economical drug--in most instances, chlordiazepoxide. A review of the comparative literature has shown that, on clinical and pharmacokinetic grounds, chlordiazepoxide is...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1982.tb03181.x
更新日期:1982-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patient-controlled analgesia is a relatively new method of administering intravenous narcotics for postoperative pain relief. The technique involves the self-administration of a given analgesic in a bolus dose with the aid of a timed infusion and sequencing device. Ten morbidity obese patients undergoing elective gast...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1982.tb03172.x
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Certain enteric ailments are particularly common among homosexual men. They are primarily infectious diseases and include not only such common venereal diseases as gonorrhea and syphilis but also infections not usually regarded as being sexually transmitted. Among the latter are shigellosis, salmonellosis, giardiasis,...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1982.tb03170.x
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00